TENSES ( İngilizce Zamanlar ) , İngilizce Dilbilgisi , İngilizce Gramer Hakkında
TENSES ( İngilizce Zamanlar ) , İngilizce Dilbilgisi , İngilizce Gramer Bilgisi
1 – İngilizce Dersleri ( Bireysel – Özel İngilizce Dersleri )
2 – İngilizce Dersleri ( 4 kişi ile yapılan grup İngilizce Dersleri )
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present perfect continuos tense ,geçmişte başlayıp , içinde bulunduğumuz anda hala devam etmekte olan eylemleri anlatır .
for
since
all day
all week
all year (.bu zaman zarflarıyla çok sık kullanılır .)
Özneler
Olumlu cümlesi
He /she /it has beeen doing
Olumsuz cümlesi
He/she /it hasn’t been doing
Soru cümlesi
Has she been doing ?
Yes ,she has
No,she hasn’t
Çoğullar
Olumlu cümle
They /you/we/I have been doing
Olumsuz cümle
They /you /we /I haven’t been doing
Soru cümlesi
Have they been doing ?
Yes ,they have
No,they haven’t
CÜMLELER
They have been living in this country since last year .
You have been studying for exactly three hours .
She has been learning English since she was in secondary school .
She has been typing letters for three hours .
They have been working for nine hours.
My parents have been living here since 1950
Mrs Topper has been working in the town library since 1971
Present perfect contınuous tense,geçmişte başlamış,içinde bulunduğumuz anda henüz bitmiş,
ancak belirtileri devam eden eylemler için ,ya da özellikle ,yakınma, hoşnutsuzluk ,ve kuşku gibi duyguları ifade ederken de kullanılır.
Is that child crying ?
No,but his eyes are watery .He has been crying ?
You look very tired .
Yes, I have been working hard today .
Since ve for ile belirtilen zamanları how long soru sözcüğü ile sorabiliriz.Present Perfect Tense geçmişten günümüze bir süreç belirttiği için,kesin bir zaman isteyen ” When ” soru sözcüğünü bu tense ile kullanmayız.
When did you move to this city ?
I moved here seven years ago .
How long have you been living in this city ?
I have been living here for seven years.
When did you become a teacher ? ( Ne zaman öğretmen oldunuz ?)
How long have you been a teacher ? ( Ne zamandar beri öğretmensiniz ?)
I have been a teacher since 1986.
How long has Lisa been living in this house ?
She has been living in this house for ten years .
How long has Frank been working as a chef ?
He has been working a chef for two months .
How long has Bob reading that book ?
Bob has been reading that book since Monday .
I have been learning English for six months .
It has been raining since lunchtime.
He has been in hospital since Monday.
My mother has been writing letter all day .
My hands are very dirty . I have been repairing the car .
I am learning Spanish ,but I haven’t been learning it very long.
What have you been doing ? I have been talking to Amanda about the problem .
PRESENT PERFECT VE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Geçmişte başlayıp ,içinde bulunduğumuz anda devam etmekte olan,yada henüz bitmiş olan
bir eylemi anlatan bazı filler ,her iki tense ile de kullanılır ve aynı anlamı verir .
Presen perfect contınuous tense ‘de cümle kurarken
Özneler
He/she / it has been waiting .
He /she/it hasn’t been waiting..
Has she/it has been waiting ?
Yes ,she has
No ,she hasn’t
They /you/I we have been waiting.
They/you/I/We haven’t been waiting.
Have they/you/we /I been waiting ?
Yes, they have No, they haven’t
Present perfect tense zaman ifadeleri
for
since
all morning / afternoon /week/ day
She has been typing letters for three hours.
They have been working for nine hours .
She has been living in this house for ten years .
FİİL
(Yaygın olarak bu filler kullanılır )
expect lie rain snow study want
hope live sleep stand teach work
learn look sit stay wait
Look at that lovely shirt in the shop window I have been wanting one like that for some time .
I have been wishing to visit your mother since I heard that she was ill.
How long have you been lived in this city ?
How long have you been living in this city ?
She has worked for that film for the last two years .
Bu iki tense, birbirinin yerine kullanılabilirse de, ( present continuous tense ‘te olduğu gibi)
Geçici durumları ifade etmek için present perfect continuous tercih edilir.
My niece has been living with us for two years ,but she is moving to her own flat next
month .
She has been working on her graduation recently.
I have been helping her with English assignments since the beginning of the term.
Present perfect continuous tense always ,never,sometimes, gibi sıklık bildiren zarflarla once
,twice several times gibi eylemlerin kaçkez yapıldığını bildiren yapılarda ,yada just ,already
,yet gibi eylemlerin bittiğini, tamamladığını ifade eden yapılarla kullanılamaz .
I have always lived here /I have lived here all my life .
I have been living here since I was born.
He has been writting letters since breakfast time
(Okuma eylemi devam ettiği için have been reading yüz sayfalık yazıyı tamamlamış olduğu
için have read )
I have been reading this book since this morning ,and I have read a hundread pages so far
We have been writting letter since breakfast time .He has just written the fourth one ,and he has two more letters to write .
The door bell has rung twice in the last half hour ,and each time ,it has been a visitor for my roommate.
The door bell has been ringing for the last minute . Why doesn’t someone open the door ?