Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği )Hakkında Bilgi
Uses Of To–Infinitive ve Örnekleri
1 – İngilizce Dersleri ( Bireysel – Özel İngilizce Dersleri )
2 – İngilizce Dersleri ( 4 kişi ile yapılan grup İngilizce Dersleri
Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği ), ikinci fiillerin Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği ), şeklinde yani Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği ) formunda kullanılması hakkında açıklamalar.
To-infinitive can be used as a noun, adjective and adverb.
1. as a verbal noun: a. as a subject To swim is a good sport. = Swimming is a good sport. To help the poor is a humane action. = Helping the poor is a humane action. b. as an object A happy man wants to live for a long time. = A happy man likes living for a long time. Children like to play with kittens. = Children enjoy playing with kittens. c. as subject complement His hobby is only to sing. subject d. as an object complement I asked them to move aside. object = I suggested their moving aside. I want you to rest. object As seen above, a to-infinitive can be used in the position of a noun such as a subject, object, subject complement or object complement. 2. as an adjective He has a house to sell. (1) = He has got a house for sale. There is a lot of work to do. (2) = There is a lot of work to be done. ( passive infinitive) There is a letter to write. (3) = There is a letter to be written. (passive infinitive) There is nothing to eat. (4) pronoun = There is nothing fot eat. As seen in the examples above, verbs said with to can be used as an adjective, following o noun (1,2,3) or pronoun. (4) 3. as an adverb to express purpose I have come here to see you. = I have come here so that I can see you. 4. to-infinitive after ‘the first’, ‘the last’ and ‘the only one’ Ayşe was the first to become a champion in our group. = Ayşe was the first who became a champion in our group. Ali was the last to leave the house. = Ali was the last who left the house. He was the only one to answer all the questions correctly. = He was the only one who answered all the questions correctly. As seen in the examples above, a to-infinitive can be used as an adjective clause, following the first, the last and the only one.
Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği )
Exercise 265. Rewrite these sentences, using a to-infinitive instead of adjective clauses. 1 He was the last one who made a speech. He was the last to make a speech. 2 He was the first who entered the room. 3 She was the only one who saw the accident. 4 She was the first who took an exam. 5 He was the last one who came to the party. 6 He was the only one who gave blood. 7 He was the first who helped us. 8 She was the last who had an operation. 5. after adjectives I am glad to meet you. adjective = We were happy because we heard that you had recovered. It is difficult to get along with a quarrelsome person. adjective As seen above, a to-infinitive can be used after adjectives to Express the reason for a situation. 6. After ‘too + adjective / adverb’ . ’adjective / adverb + enough’ He is too ill to speak. (1) = He’s extremely ill so that he’s unable to speak. The tourist spoke too quickly to understand. (2) You are strongenough to carry it. (3) adjective = You have got the strengh to carry it. We ran fast enough to catch the train (4) adverb As seen above, a to-infinitive is used with too + adjective / adverb (1,2) or adjective / adverd + enough (3,4) 7. after nouns His wish to be a teacher made his family happy. = The proposal to become a teacher made his family happy. His refusal to receive a bribe shows that he is a good man. = Not receiving a bribe shows that he is a good man. Thank you for your offer to help me. = Thank you for your offer of helping me. As seen above, a to-infinitive can be used after a wish, refusal and an offer. 8. after other nouns Have you got any tablets to cure a headache? I bought a typewriter to write a book on. = I bought a typewriter for writing a book. She wants a box to put nedles in. = She wants a box for putting needles in. As seen above, if we want to Express what something is used for, a to-infinitive is used after the noun.
Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği )
9. after interrogative conjunctions Please tell me what to do with it. = Please tell me what I’ll do with it. They dont know where to go. = They dont know where they’ll go. I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I will do. I dont know when to go. = I dont know when I’ll go. As seen above, an interrogative conjunction followed by a to-infinitive can be used instead of a reduced noun clause beginning with what, when, where and how. 10. after verbs to express purpose or a wish A man works to get something. We got up early so as not to miss the bus. = We got up early to avoid missing the bus. I want to write a book about ‘Duties of a Citizen’. As seen above, a to-infinitive can be used to express purpose. In order to, or so as to, can be used instead of to. If the statement is negative, in order not to is used. So as to can be used instead of to. 11. passive to-infinitive This work is to be finished today. = Finish this work today. These letters are to be posted at once. = Post these letters at once. As seen above, passive to-infinitive is used in sentences to convey an order.
Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği )
12. the to-infinitive after passive voice We were made to clean the windows (1) (passive) passive He was seen to enter the house. (2) passive = He was seen entering the house. As seen above, when some verbs such as make,feel,hear,see,watch, etc are used in the passive, the verbs following them are said with to. Notice : The example (1) is a causative form but the example(2) is not. Exercise 266. Rewrite these sentences as shown. 1 We saw them finish the work. They were seen to finish the work. 2 I observed them enter the room. 3 He made the driver stop. 4 She heard the baby cry. 5 I know he is hard-working. Exercise 267. Rewrite these sentences using passive+to-infinitive as in the example. 1 This carpet needs cleaning. This carpet is to be cleaned. 2 Your socks need washing. 3 The house wants repairing. 4 My suit needs ironing. 5 His hair wants cutting. 6 Your shoes needed polishing. 7 Our garden needs watering. 8 The windows need cleaning. 9 This question needs explaining. 13. in indirect speech If you are in a hurry, call a taxi. (direct) He told met to call a taxi if I was in a hurry. (indirect) He said if I was in a hurry I was to call a taxi. Exercise 268. Complete the following sentences using the infinitive in brackets with to or without to. 1 He asked me (work) harder. He asked met to work harder. 2 She caused us (laugh). 3 I saw him (fall down). 4 He was seen (fall down). 5 I dont know what (do). 6 You are old enough (work). 7 Let him (go). 8 She has a lot of work (do). 9 The train is about (leave). 10 We had beter not (do) it. 11 I would rather (drink) ayran than coke. 12 We need (rest). 13 Help me (carry) the basket. 14 I wiil ask the children (take) out the desks. 15 He advised me (rest) for a while. 16 She appears (be) a good girl.
Uses Of To–Infinitive ( Mastar Özelliği )